I’m very happy to finally be able to announce our paper on the connected scatterplot technique. It describes the technique, provides some historical perspective, and most of all looks into how easy to understand and engaging the technique actually is.
The connected scatterplot isn’t really known in visualization, but has gotten some interest in journalism. There are a number of recent examples, like How the U.S. and OPEC Drive Oil Prices, The Death Spiral Of M. Night Shyamalan’s Career, National Indebtedness, and a number others (there’s a list in the paper). My favorites include one of my all-time favorite news graphics, Driving Safety, in Fits and Starts, as well as Helium Supply, and The Rise of Long-Term Joblessness (aka The Scorpion Chart).
In a way, the connected scatterplot is just that: a scatterplot with the dots connected by lines. But the appearance is quite different, since the lines give it much more of a gestalt than the points alone. It’s important to understand the way it depicts two time series, which is why we describe it at some length in the paper.
The use in journalism is quite specific, and closely modeled on the original idea behind the technique (which was first published in an economics paper): compare two time series with points that coincide. That makes a lot of sense for the types of data often used in journalism, which are reported at some common and predictable schedule: monthly, quarterly, yearly.
We talked to some of the journalists that had used the chart type to get a sense of why they had done so. How did they learn about it? What made them try it on their data? Did they think people would get it? Most of the folks we talked to expected their readers to be able to figure it out, even if it would require some work.
To see if that was the case, we conducted three studies. One was qualitative and had people explain what they were seeing in a chart and predict what the next step would be given a verbal description; another one had them translate from a dual-axis line chart to a connected scatterplot to see how well they would be able to do that; and the final one looked at how engaging people would find connected scatterplots in a simulated news website setting.
People are surprisingly good at understanding the technique, but they do make some specific mistakes and don’t make the same number of inferences about correlation. There are a number of visual features that let people see structures that they wouldn’t be able to see as well in other charts, which strikes me as fertile ground for further work. The Time Curves paper at InfoVis earlier this year used the technique in a different way than we do in the paper, but they also looked at visual structures that let people identify patterns (like circular edits on Wikipedia, etc.).
This is work with Steve Haroz and Steven Franconeri, both at Northwestern University (the same gang that worked on the ISOTYPE paper we had at CHI). Steve has made a nice landing page for the paper, including an interactive tool that lets you play with the technique. There are also links to the experiments (to run in your browser) and some additional materials. The paper is going to appear in 2016, but it is already pre-published (requires IEEExplore access) and citable.
Steve Haroz, Robert Kosara, Steven L. Franconeri, The Connected Scatterplot for Presenting Paired Time Series, Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG), vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 2174–2186, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2015.2502587
2 responses to “Paper: The Connected Scatterplot for Presenting Paired Time Series”
Informative. Thanks.
A great body of work Robert. Before this paper I had viewed the CS as simply defining time on the Z axis. Figure 6 a-d was a very helpful review of static, variable change, and correlations. Once solid in the mind, quick assessments can be made.
In reviewing these examples this semester with my class, the major challenge seems to be with our bias regarding the arrow of time. My students describe having to fight through their preconceived notions that time belongs on the X. I also feel myself over riding my bias when reviewing the CS. Some preliminary work I have done on the temporal bias suggests that the biases found in the research regarding the East and Middle East alternate bias of right to left is falling away. (further deepening the left to right bias)
I like Ms. Cox courage in bringing these forward. As always, your work is a very informative read.